司他夫定
生产厂家：印度西普拉(Cipla)制药公司
功能主治：治疗I型HⅣ感染口服生物利用度高 ，耐受性好
用法用量：用法用量 司他夫定用药间隔为12小时。 服用司他夫定与进餐无关。 成人： 推荐剂量按体重为≥60公斤患者，—次40mg，每日两次;<60公斤患者，一次30mg，每日两次。 儿童： 儿童患者的推荐剂量为<30公斤，每次lmg>30公斤的儿童患者，按成人推荐剂量服用。 剂量调整： 若在治疗期间发生外周神经病变，立即停止司他夫定治疗。 停止后，中毒症状可消退。 有时停止治疗后，中毒症状可暂时加重。 若症状完全消退，患者可继续耐受半推荐剂量的治疗： ≥60公斤患者，一次20mg，每日两次。 <60公斤患者，一次15mg，每日两次。 继续使用司他夫定后，若再发生神经病变，需考虑完全停止司他夫定治疗。 肾脏损害患者： 肾功能损害的患者服用司他夫定须按下表调整用药剂量。 肌酐清除率(ml/min)≥60公斤<60公斤 ≥50每12小时40mg每12小时30mg 26-50每12小时20mg每12小时15mg 10-25每24小时40mg每24小时15mg 鉴于在儿童患者中，尿液排泄也是消除司他夫定的主要途径，若儿童患者肾功能有损害，其司他夫定的清除率也将随之改变。 虽然还没有实验数据表明这类患者用药剂量需调整，仍可考虑减少剂量或延长用药间隔。 血液透析患者推荐剂量为： 每24小时20mg(≥60kg)，或每24小时15mg(<60 kg)，于血透完毕后给药。 在非透析日，也应在相同时间给药。
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The dosage of stavudine depends on several factors, including the patient's age, weight, and renal function. In adults and adolescents weighing above 60 kg, the usual recommended dosage is 40 mg twice daily. For individuals weighing less than 60 kg, the dosage is reduced to 30 mg twice daily. Pediatric dosing is based on body weight and should be determined by a healthcare professional specializing in pediatric HIV treatment.
Stavudine can be taken with or without food. However, taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset. It is important to take the medication consistently at the same time each day to maintain stable levels of the drug in the body. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as possible, unless it is already close to the next scheduled dose. In such cases, the missed dose should be skipped and the regular dosing schedule resumed. It is important not to take a double dose to make up for a missed one.Patients taking stavudine should be monitored regularly by their healthcare provider to assess their response to the drug and check for any potential side effects. Blood tests may be conducted to monitor liver function, kidney function, and blood cell counts. Stavudine can cause side effects such as peripheral neuropathy (numbness or tingling in the hands or feet), lactic acidosis (build-up of lactic acid in the blood), and hepatotoxicity (liver damage). If any of these side effects occur, it is important to inform the healthcare provider immediately.
Some precautions need to be taken when using stavudine. It is not recommended for individuals with a history of pancreatitis or severe liver disease. Stavudine should also be used with caution in patients with pre-existing peripheral neuropathy since it can exacerbate this condition. Additionally, stavudine can interact with other medications, such as certain cancer drugs and antibiotics, so it is essential to inform the healthcare provider about all the drugs currently being taken.
In conclusion, stavudine is an important medication used for the treatment of HIV infection. By following the prescribed dosage and guidelines for its use, patients can effectively manage their HIV and improve their overall health. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential side effects and precautions associated with the drug. Regular monitoring and communication with a healthcare provider are vital for successful treatment.
