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Ambisome(安必素)安必松的副作用和注意事项

发布时间:2024-03-30 12:06:15 阅读:971 来源:问药网
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安必素

安必素 生产厂家:美国吉利德科学公司(Gilead Sciences) 功能主治:一线抗真菌药物,治疗深部真菌感染有效率高 用法用量:用法用量  静脉用药:开始静脉滴注时先试以1~5mg或按体重一次0.02~0.1mg/kg给药,以后根据患者耐受情况每日或隔日增加5mg,当增至一次 0.6~0.7mg/kg时即可暂停增加剂量,此为一般治疗量。  成人最高一日剂量不超过1mg/kg,每日或隔1~2日给药1次,累积总量 1.5~3.0g,疗程1~3个月,也可长至6个月,视病情及疾病种类而定。  对敏感真菌感染宜采用较小剂量,即成人一次20~30mg,疗程仍宜长。  鞘内给药:首次0.05~0.1mg,以后渐增至每次0.5mg,最大量一次不超过1mg,每周给药2~3次,总量15mg左右。  鞘内给药时宜与小剂量地塞米松或琥珀酸氢化可的松同时给与,并需用脑脊液反复稀释药液,边稀释边缓慢注入以减少不良反应。  局部用药:气溶吸入时成人每次5~10mg,用灭菌注射用水溶解成0.2%~0.3%溶液应用;超声雾化吸入时本品浓度为0.01%~0.02%,每日吸入2~3次,每次吸入5~10ml;持续膀胱冲洗时每日以两性霉素B 5mg加入1000ml灭菌注射用水中,按每小时注入40ml速度进行冲洗,共用5~10日。  静脉滴注或鞘内给药时,均先以灭菌注射用水10ml配制本品50mg,或5ml配制25mg,然后用5%葡萄糖注射液稀释(不可用氯化钠注射液,因可产生沉淀),滴注液的药物浓度不超过10mg/100ml,避光缓慢静滴,每次滴注时间需6小时以上,稀释用葡萄糖注射液的pH值应在4.2以上。  鞘内注射时可取5mg/ml浓度的药液1ml,加5%葡萄糖注射液19ml稀释,使最终浓度成250μg/ml。  注射时取所需药液量以脑脊液5~30ml反复稀释,并缓慢注入。  鞘内注射液的药物浓度不可高于25mg/100ml,pH值应在4.2以上。
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Ambisome(安必素)安必松的副作用和注意事项,Ambisome(AmBisome)常见副作用包括发热、寒战、呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐、肾功能损害、低钾血症、头痛和胃肠不适。在治疗期间需要监测肾功能和电解质。Ambisome(AmBisome)是一种抗真菌药物,其主要成分是阿莫夫洛星(AmphotericinB)。它主要用于治疗严重的真菌感染,具有以下疗效:1.抗真菌活性,抑制多种真菌的生长和繁殖。2.治疗各种念珠菌感染。3.治疗血液系统真菌感染。该药品在治疗相关疾病方面表现出色,疗效显著、安全性高。

Title: Ambisome (安必素) - Side Effects and Precautions for Treating Fungal Infections

Introduction:

Ambisome (generic name: amphotericin B) is a medication commonly used to treat severe fungal infections. It belongs to the class of drugs known as antifungals and is administered intravenously. While Ambisome can effectively combat fungal infections, it is essential to be aware of its potential side effects and take necessary precautions to ensure safe usage. This article aims to provide comprehensive information about the side effects and precautions associated with Ambisome.

1. Possible Side Effects of Ambisome:

Like any medication, Ambisome may cause certain side effects in some individuals. It is crucial to remain vigilant and promptly seek medical attention if any adverse effects occur. Common side effects of Ambisome include:

1.1 Infusion-related reactions: Some patients may experience fever, chills, muscle pain, nausea, and headache during or shortly after the infusion. These symptoms are generally mild and can be managed by slowing down the infusion rate or administering additional medications before treatment.

1.2 Kidney function impairment: Ambisome can affect kidney function, leading to increased levels of creatinine and urea in the blood. Regular monitoring of kidney function is necessary during treatment.

1.3 Electrolyte imbalances: Ambisome may cause imbalances in electrolyte levels, specifically potassium and magnesium. This can result in muscle weakness, fatigue, abnormal heart rhythms, and complications. Monitoring and managing electrolyte levels are essential during treatment.

1.4 Anemia: Ambisome can lead to a decrease in red blood cell count, resulting in anemia. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor hemoglobin levels.

1.5 Liver function abnormalities: In some cases, Ambisome may cause liver function abnormalities, as indicated by elevated liver enzymes (AST and ALT). Close monitoring of liver function is necessary during treatment.

2. Precautions for Safe Usage:

To ensure the safe and effective use of Ambisome, it is essential to consider the following precautions:

2.1 Allergies and medical history: Before starting Ambisome treatment, inform your healthcare provider about any previous allergies to medications, especially amphotericin B or other antifungals. Additionally, disclose your complete medical history, including kidney or liver problems, electrolyte imbalances, or any other relevant conditions.

2.2 Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Ambisome may harm the fetus or pass into breast milk. Consult with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to conceive, as well as if you are breastfeeding. They will weigh the potential benefits against the risks and determine the most appropriate course of action.

2.3 Drug interactions: Inform your doctor about all the medications, supplements, or herbal products you are currently taking. Certain drugs may interact with Ambisome, potentially affecting its efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects.

2.4 Kidney function monitoring: Regular monitoring of kidney function is crucial while using Ambisome. Your healthcare provider will check creatinine levels and may suggest dosage adjustments or additional precautions based on the results.

2.5 Infusion precautions: Ambisome is administered intravenously by a healthcare professional. Ensure that the infusion is administered slowly as recommended and under appropriate medical supervision to minimize infusion-related reactions.

Conclusion:

Ambisome is a potent antifungal medication that can effectively treat severe fungal infections. However, it is important to be aware of the potential side effects and take necessary precautions for safe usage. By understanding the common side effects and following the recommended precautions, patients can optimize the benefits of Ambisome treatment while minimizing any potential risks. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and monitoring during the course of Ambisome treatment.